Thomas Paine1

Last Edited5 Dec 2017
M, #172479, b. 10 March 1658, d. 23 June 1721
FatherThomas Paine1 b. 18 Jan 1613, d. 3 Aug 1686
MotherMary Snow1 b. c 1630, d. 28 Apr 1704
     Thomas Paine was born on 10 March 1658 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1 He married Hannah Shaw, daughter of Dea. Jonathan Shaw and Phebe Watson, on 5 August 1678 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1 Thomas Paine died on 23 June 1721 at Truro, Barnstable, MA, at age 63.1

Family

Hannah Shaw b. c 1661, d. 24 Jul 1713
Children

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.
  2. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by MAPARKS60.
  3. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by Bob Smith.

Hannah Shaw1

Last Edited5 Dec 2017
F, #172480, b. circa 1661, d. 24 July 1713
FatherDea. Jonathan Shaw2 b. 2 Mar 1629, d. 30 Jul 1701
MotherPhebe Watson2 b. c 1638, d. c 1672
     Hannah Shaw was born circa 1661 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 She married Thomas Paine, son of Thomas Paine and Mary Snow, on 5 August 1678 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1 Hannah Shaw died on 24 July 1713 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1

Family

Thomas Paine b. 10 Mar 1658, d. 23 Jun 1721
Children

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.
  2. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by MAPARKS60.
  3. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by Bob Smith.

Thomas Paine1

Last Edited26 Dec 2019
M, #172481, b. 18 January 1613, d. 3 August 1686
FatherThomas Payne2 b. 11 Dec 1586, d. 1644
MotherElizabeth Pultney2 b. 11 Dec 1584, d. 15 Sep 1658
     Thomas Paine was christened on 18 January 1613 at Wrentham, Suffolk, ENG.1 He married Rebecca Ware, daughter of Robert Ware and Hannah Jones, on 17 October 1640 at Dedham, Norfolk, MA.2 Thomas Paine married Mary Snow, daughter of Nicholas Snow and Constance Hopkins, in July 1650 or April 1651 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1,2 Thomas Paine left a will on 26 July 1686 at Dedham, Norfolk, MA.3 He died on 3 August 1686 at Dedham, Norfolk, MA, at age 73.3

Family 1

Rebecca Ware b. c 1620, d. 28 Nov 1682
Children

Family 2

Mary Snow b. c 1630, d. 28 Apr 1704
Children

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.
  2. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by jettajeanner.
  3. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by Donna Lish OBrien.
  4. [S61] Unknown author, Family Group Sheets, Family History Archives, SLC.
  5. [S11730] Unknown author, NEHGS.
  6. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by william_barron.

John Dering1

Last Edited29 Nov 2017
M, #172482, b. circa 1513, d. 1550
     John Dering was born circa 1513 at Pluckley, Kent, England.1 He married Margaret Brent circa 1531 at Kent, England.1 John Dering died in 1550 at Pluckley, Kent, England.1

Family

Margaret Brent b. c 1510, d. 1 Dec 1560
Child

Citations

  1. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by Berton53.

Nicholas Snow1

Last Edited29 Nov 2017
M, #172483, b. 25 January 1600, d. 15 November 1671
FatherNicholas Snow2 b. c 1578, d. a Feb 1666
MotherElizabeth Rowlles2 b. c 1580
     Nicholas Snow was born on 25 January 1600 at Shoreditch, London, ENG.1 He married Constance Hopkins, daughter of Stephen Hopkins and Mary, on 22 May 1627 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 Nicholas Snow died on 15 November 1671 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA, at age 71.1

Family

Constance Hopkins b. 11 May 1606, d. 25 Nov 1677
Children

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.
  2. [S11714] LDS Film.
  3. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by jettajeanner.
  4. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by tjh617.
  5. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by MAPARKS60.

Constance Hopkins1

Last Edited29 Nov 2017
F, #172484, b. 11 May 1606, d. 25 November 1677
FatherStephen Hopkins2 b. c 1578, d. b 17 Jul 1644
MotherMary d. 9 May 1613
     Constance Hopkins was born on 11 May 1606 at Hursley, Hampshire, ENG.1 She married Nicholas Snow, son of Nicholas Snow and Elizabeth Rowlles, on 22 May 1627 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 Constance Hopkins died on 25 November 1677 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA, at age 71.1

Family

Nicholas Snow b. 25 Jan 1600, d. 15 Nov 1671
Children

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.
  2. [S11729] Unknown author, "TAG."
  3. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by jettajeanner.
  4. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by tjh617.
  5. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by MAPARKS60.

Mark Snow1

Last Edited14 Feb 2017
M, #172485, b. 9 May 1628, d. 9 January 1695
FatherNicholas Snow1 b. 25 Jan 1600, d. 15 Nov 1671
MotherConstance Hopkins1 b. 11 May 1606, d. 25 Nov 1677
     Mark Snow was born on 9 May 1628 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 He married Anne Cooke, daughter of Josiah Cooke and Elizabeth Ring, on 18 January 1655 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 Mark Snow married Jane Prence, daughter of Gov. Thomas Prence and Mary Collier, on 9 January 1660 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1 Mark Snow died on 9 January 1695 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA, at age 66.1,2

Family 1

Anne Cooke b. c 1638, d. 25 Jul 1656
Child

Family 2

Jane Prence b. 1 Nov 1637, d. c 1711
Children

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.
  2. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Information submitted by D_Lowry.
  3. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by neeman.
  4. [S11731] Unknown author, Nickerson Family.

Anne Cooke1

Last Edited29 Mar 2017
F, #172486, b. circa 1638, d. 25 July 1656
FatherJosiah Cooke1 b. c 1603, d. 8 Jun 1666
MotherElizabeth Ring1 b. 23 Feb 1603, d. b May 1687
     Anne Cooke was born circa 1638 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 She married Mark Snow, son of Nicholas Snow and Constance Hopkins, on 18 January 1655 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 Anne Cooke died on 25 July 1656 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1

Family

Mark Snow b. 9 May 1628, d. 9 Jan 1695
Child

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.
  2. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by neeman.

Josiah Cooke1

Last Edited31 Mar 2002
M, #172487, b. circa 1603, d. 8 June 1666
     Josiah Cooke was born circa 1603 at ENG.1 He married Elizabeth Ring, daughter of William Ring and Mary Durrant, on 16 September 1635 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 Josiah Cooke died on 8 June 1666 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1

Family

Elizabeth Ring b. 23 Feb 1603, d. b May 1687
Children

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.

Elizabeth Ring1

Last Edited3 Oct 2017
F, #172488, b. 23 February 1603, d. before May 1687
FatherWilliam Ring1 b. c 1580, d. 28 Apr 1620
MotherMary Durrant1 b. c 1570, d. 15 Jul 1631
     Elizabeth Ring was christened on 23 February 1603 at Ufford, Suffolk, ENG.1,2 She married Stephen Deane after 1627 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 Elizabeth Ring married Josiah Cooke on 16 September 1635 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 Elizabeth Ring died before May 1687 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1

Family 1

Stephen Deane d. 6 Oct 1634
Children

Family 2

Josiah Cooke b. c 1603, d. 8 Jun 1666
Children

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.
  2. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by Scott Lieb.
  3. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by jrobsail.
  4. [S14] Unknown author, New England Marriages Prior to 1700, by Clarence Almon Torrey., p. 212.

Jane Prence1

Last Edited14 Feb 2017
F, #172489, b. 1 November 1637, d. circa 1711
FatherGov. Thomas Prence1 b. 6 Aug 1599, d. 29 Mar 1673
MotherMary Collier1 b. 18 Feb 1612, d. c 1645
     Jane Prence was born on 1 November 1637 at Duxbury, Plymouth, MA.1 She married Mark Snow, son of Nicholas Snow and Constance Hopkins, on 9 January 1660 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1 Jane Prence died circa 1711 at Harwich, Barnstable, MA.1

Family

Mark Snow b. 9 May 1628, d. 9 Jan 1695
Children

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.
  2. [S11731] Unknown author, Nickerson Family.
  3. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Information submitted by D_Lowry.

William Quick1

Last Edited17 May 2016
M, #172490, b. 24 August 1579, d. 21 January 1615
FatherJohn Quick1 b. c 1555
     William Quick was born on 24 August 1579 at London, Middlesex, England.1 He married Elizabeth Hodges, daughter of Thomas Hodges and Elizabeth Withers, circa 1603 at London, Middlesex, England.1 William Quick died on 21 January 1615 at London, Middlesex, England, at age 35.1

Family

Elizabeth Hodges b. 11 Feb 1585, d. Apr 1617
Child

Citations

  1. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Information submitted by Robert B Choate.

Mary Collier1

Last Edited25 Oct 2016
F, #172491, b. 18 February 1612, d. circa 1645
FatherWilliam Collier2 b. c 1585, d. 5 Jul 1671
MotherJane Clarke2 b. 20 Oct 1591, d. 2 Dec 1661
     Mary Collier was born on 18 February 1612 at Southwark, Surrey, ENG.1 She married Gov. Thomas Prence, son of Thomas Prence and Elizabeth Tolderby, on 1 April 1635 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 Mary Collier died circa 1645 at Duxbury, Plymouth, MA.1

Family

Gov. Thomas Prence b. 6 Aug 1599, d. 29 Mar 1673
Children

Citations

  1. [S11714] LDS Film.
  2. [S11752] Dorothy-Jean Gabriel's Research.
  3. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.
  4. [S11730] Unknown author, NEHGS.

Sarah Snow1

Last Edited29 Mar 2017
F, #172492, b. circa 1632
FatherNicholas Snow1 b. 25 Jan 1600, d. 15 Nov 1671
MotherConstance Hopkins1 b. 11 May 1606, d. 25 Nov 1677
     Sarah Snow was born circa 1632 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 As of 25 January 1655,her married name was Walker.1 She married William Walker on 25 January 1655 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1

Family

William Walker b. 1620
Children

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.
  2. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Information submitted by wetsbt.
  3. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by Allen37.

William Walker1

Last Edited29 Mar 2017
M, #172493, b. 1620
     William Walker was born in 1620 at ENG.1 He married Sarah Snow, daughter of Nicholas Snow and Constance Hopkins, on 25 January 1655 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1 His estate was probated in 1703 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1

Family

Sarah Snow b. c 1632
Children

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.
  2. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Information submitted by wetsbt.
  3. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by Allen37.

Lt. Joseph Snow1

Last Edited28 Mar 2002
M, #172494, b. circa 1634, d. 3 January 1723
FatherNicholas Snow1 b. 25 Jan 1600, d. 15 Nov 1671
MotherConstance Hopkins1 b. 11 May 1606, d. 25 Nov 1677
     Lt. Joseph Snow was born circa 1634 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 He married Mary circa 1670 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1 Lt. Joseph Snow died on 3 January 1723 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1

Family

Mary d. a 1717

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.

Mary1

Last Edited28 Mar 2002
F, #172495, d. after 1717
     As of circa 1670,her married name was Snow.1 Mary married Lt. Joseph Snow, son of Nicholas Snow and Constance Hopkins, circa 1670 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1 Mary died after 1717 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1

Family

Lt. Joseph Snow b. c 1634, d. 3 Jan 1723

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.

Stephen Snow1

Last Edited25 Oct 2017
M, #172496, b. circa 1636, d. 17 December 1705
FatherNicholas Snow1 b. 25 Jan 1600, d. 15 Nov 1671
MotherConstance Hopkins1 b. 11 May 1606, d. 25 Nov 1677
     Stephen Snow was born circa 1636 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 He married Susanna Deane, daughter of Stephen Deane and Elizabeth Ring, on 13 December 1663 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1 Stephen Snow died on 17 December 1705 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1

Family

Susanna Deane b. b 1634, d. b Apr 1701
Children

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.
  2. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by HowardFife48.
  3. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by littlemarge72.

Susanna Deane1

Last Edited25 Oct 2017
F, #172497, b. before 1634, d. before April 1701
FatherStephen Deane1 d. 6 Oct 1634
MotherElizabeth Ring1 b. 23 Feb 1603, d. b May 1687
     Susanna Deane was born before 1634 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 She married Joseph Rogers, son of Joseph Rogers and Hannah Churchman, on 4 April 1660 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1 Susanna Deane married Stephen Snow, son of Nicholas Snow and Constance Hopkins, on 13 December 1663 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1 Susanna Deane died before April 1701 at East Orleans, Barnstable, MA.1

Family 1

Joseph Rogers b. 17 Jul 1635, d. 25 Dec 1660

Family 2

Stephen Snow b. c 1636, d. 17 Dec 1705
Children

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.
  2. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by HowardFife48.
  3. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by littlemarge72.

Stephen Deane1

Last Edited3 Oct 2017
M, #172498, d. 6 October 1634
     Stephen Deane was born at England.1 He married Elizabeth Ring, daughter of William Ring and Mary Durrant, after 1627 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 Stephen Deane died on 6 October 1634 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1

Family

Elizabeth Ring b. 23 Feb 1603, d. b May 1687
Children

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.
  2. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by jrobsail.
  3. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by Scott Lieb.

Joseph Rogers1

Last Edited14 Feb 2017
M, #172499, b. 17 July 1635, d. 25 December 1660
FatherJoseph Rogers1 b. 23 Jan 1603, d. Jan 1678
MotherHannah Churchman b. c 1613, d. a 1678
     Joseph Rogers was born on 17 July 1635 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 He married Susanna Deane, daughter of Stephen Deane and Elizabeth Ring, on 4 April 1660 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1 Joseph Rogers died on 25 December 1660 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA, at age 25.1

Family

Susanna Deane b. b 1634, d. b Apr 1701

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.

John Snow1

Last Edited28 Mar 2002
M, #172500, b. circa 1638, d. 1692
FatherNicholas Snow1 b. 25 Jan 1600, d. 15 Nov 1671
MotherConstance Hopkins1 b. 11 May 1606, d. 25 Nov 1677
     John Snow was born circa 1638 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 He married Mary Smalley, daughter of John Smalley and Ann Walden, on 19 September 1667 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1 John Snow died in 1692 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1

Family

Mary Smalley b. 11 Dec 1647, d. 1703
Children

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.
  2. [S11714] LDS Film.

Mary Smalley1

Last Edited26 Jan 2017
F, #172501, b. 11 December 1647, d. 1703
FatherJohn Smalley1 b. c 1615, d. 30 Jul 1692
MotherAnn Walden1 b. c 1619, d. 29 Jan 1694
     Mary Smalley was born on 11 December 1647 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1 She married John Snow, son of Nicholas Snow and Constance Hopkins, on 19 September 1667 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1 Mary Smalley married Ephraim Doane circa 1691 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.2,1 Mary Smalley died in 1703 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1

Family 1

John Snow b. c 1638, d. 1692
Children

Family 2

Ephraim Doane b. c 1637, d. c 1700

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.
  2. [S11714] LDS Film.

Ephraim Doane1,2

Last Edited5 Dec 2017
M, #172502, b. circa 1637, d. circa 1700
     Ephraim Doane was born circa 1637 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1,2 He married Mercy (Mary) Knowles, daughter of Richard Knowles and Ruth Bowers, on 15 February 1667 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.2 Ephraim Doane married Mary Smalley, daughter of John Smalley and Ann Walden, circa 1691 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1,2 Ephraim Doane died circa 1700 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1,2

Family 1

Mercy (Mary) Knowles b. c 1642, d. c 1692
Children

Family 2

Mary Smalley b. 11 Dec 1647, d. 1703

Citations

  1. [S11714] LDS Film.
  2. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.
  3. [S14] Unknown author, New England Marriages Prior to 1700, by Clarence Almon Torrey., p. 223.

Elizabeth Snow1

Last Edited25 Jun 2002
F, #172503, b. circa 1640, d. 16 June 1678
FatherNicholas Snow1 b. 25 Jan 1600, d. 15 Nov 1671
MotherConstance Hopkins1 b. 11 May 1606, d. 25 Nov 1677
     Elizabeth Snow was born circa 1640 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 As of 13 December 1665,her married name was Rogers.1 She married Thomas Rogers, son of Joseph Rogers and Hannah Churchman, on 13 December 1665 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1 Elizabeth Snow died on 16 June 1678 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1

Family

Thomas Rogers b. 1638, d. 1678
Child

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.

Thomas Rogers1

Last Edited14 Feb 2017
M, #172504, b. 1638, d. 1678
FatherJoseph Rogers1 b. 23 Jan 1603, d. Jan 1678
MotherHannah Churchman b. c 1613, d. a 1678
     Thomas Rogers was born in 1638 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 He married Elizabeth Snow, daughter of Nicholas Snow and Constance Hopkins, on 13 December 1665 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1 Thomas Rogers died in 1678 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1

Family

Elizabeth Snow b. c 1640, d. 16 Jun 1678
Child

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.

Anne (Mary)1

Last Edited14 Feb 2017
F, #172505, b. circa 1592, d. 16 April 1631
ChartsPedigree of Clifford LeRoy Provost
Pedigree of Marjorie Elizabeth Snyder
     Anne (Mary) was born circa 1592 at England.1 She married Hugh Churchman circa 1609 at England.1 Anne (Mary) died on 16 April 1631 at England; Hugh left his wife in England.1,2

Family

Hugh Churchman b. c 1592, d. May 1644
Children

Citations

  1. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Information submitted by Nurseshell222.
  2. [S14] Unknown author, New England Marriages Prior to 1700, by Clarence Almon Torrey., p. 153.

Lt. Jabez Snow1,2

Last Edited26 Oct 2017
M, #172506, b. circa 1642, d. 27 December 1690
FatherNicholas Snow1 b. 25 Jan 1600, d. 15 Nov 1671
MotherConstance Hopkins1 b. 11 May 1606, d. 25 Nov 1677
     Lt. Jabez Snow was born circa 1642 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 He married Elizabeth Smith, daughter of Ralph Smith, Constable of Eastham and Grace, on 9 September 1670 or 6 December 1670 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1,3 Lt. Jabez Snow died on 27 December 1690 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1

Family

Elizabeth Smith b. 16 Sep 1648, d. 8 Jan 1733
Children

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.
  2. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by witherell.
  3. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by rknbarb.
  4. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by jimjwilkins.

Elizabeth Smith1,2

Last Edited26 Oct 2017
F, #172507, b. 16 September 1648, d. 8 January 1733
FatherRalph Smith, Constable of Eastham2 b. c 1616, d. 27 Oct 1685
MotherGrace3 b. c 1618, d. a 1685
     Elizabeth Smith was born on 16 September 1648 at Hingham, Plymouth, MA.1,2 She married Lt. Jabez Snow, son of Nicholas Snow and Constance Hopkins, on 9 September 1670 or 6 December 1670 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1,2 Elizabeth Smith died on 8 January 1733 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA, at age 84.2

Family

Lt. Jabez Snow b. c 1642, d. 27 Dec 1690
Children

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.
  2. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by rknbarb.
  3. [S14] Unknown author, New England Marriages Prior to 1700, by Clarence Almon Torrey., 3rd Supplement, p. 239.
  4. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by jimjwilkins.
  5. [S11597] Ancestry.com, Submitted by witherell.

Ruth Snow1

Last Edited28 Mar 2002
F, #172508, b. circa 1644, d. 17 January 1717
FatherNicholas Snow1 b. 25 Jan 1600, d. 15 Nov 1671
MotherConstance Hopkins1 b. 11 May 1606, d. 25 Nov 1677
     Ruth Snow was born circa 1644 at Plymouth, Plymouth, MA.1 As of 2 December 1666,her married name was Cole.1 She married John Cole on 2 December 1666 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1 Ruth Snow died on 17 January 1717 at Eastham, Barnstable, MA.1

Family

John Cole b. c 1644, d. 6 Jan 1726

Citations

  1. [S11727] Genealogies of Mayflower Families.